Flying-machine or airship.



D.P.M0LAUGHLIN. FLYING MACHIINE 0R AIRSHIP. APPLIUATION'PILED 00T.13

Patented Dec. 31, 1912.

ssHEETs-SHEETl.

' D. AP. MOLAUGHLIN.

FLYING MACHINE OR AIRSHIP.

APPLICATION FILED 00T. I3, 1911.

I,048,990 Patented Dec.31,1912.

8 SHEETS-*SHEET 2.

,1). P. MGLAUGHLIN.

FLYING MACHINE 0R AIRSHIP.

APIPLIOATION FILED 00T.13, 1911.

Patented 1390.31, 1912.'

8 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

D. P. MGLAUGHLIN. FLYING MACHINE 0R AIRSHIP.

APPLIG-ATION FILED 0GT.13, 1911.

Patented Deo. 31, 1912.v

8 SHEETS-SHEET 4.

mages:

D. P. MGLAUGHLIN. FLYING MACHINE OR zlRsHlP..

APPLICATION FILED 001.13, 1911.

Ptenne'd 1160.31, 1912y 8 SHEETS-SHEET 5.

D. P. MGLAU'GHLVIN. FLYING MACHINE R AIRSHIP. APPLICATION FILED` 00T.13, 1911.

1 ,048,990, Patented Deo. 31, 1912 l Aa SHEETS-SHEET 6.

D.' P. M G'LAUGHLIN.

FLYING MACHINE 0R LAIRSHIP. AP1=LI0AT110N PIL'BD 0011.13. 1911.

Patented Dec. 31; 19.12.

l 8 SHEETS4SHEET 7.

. 1 l 1 1 f n .1

nunndllllllulrll 1).PLM0LAUGHLINL FLYING MACHINE 'OR' AIRSHIP. APPLICATION FIILED 00T.13'.1911.

Patented M131, 19112.

a SHEETS-SHEET 8.

DANIEL P. MCLAUGIILIN, oF eHIcAGo, ILLINOIS.

isLY,INc-:f-MACHINE on AIRsHIPj .Specification of Letters Patent. Patented Dec. 31, 1912.

Applicationled October 13, 1911. Seral'No. 654,482.

To all whom it may concern.'

Be it known that I, DANIEL P. MCLAUGH- LIN, a citizen of the United States, residing at Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented a new anduseful Improvement in Flying-Machines or Airships, of which the followingisa specification.

My invention relates to improvements in vdying-machines or airships equipped with v propellingmeans for vdriving the ship, and,

more particularly, to the type of machines commonly known as heavier 'than air ma'- chines, certain featuresof my invention constituting improvements upon the invention forming the subject of United States Letters Patent No. 991,7 94, granted to me 0n May 9, 1911, for improvements in flying Inachines or air-ships.

, I have employed in my present construction the principle upon which the construction forming the subject of Hsaid Letters Patent operates, namely that of utilizing the resistance of the ship to movement for storing power generated by the air-engaging devices, namely the propellers of their equivalent mechanism, in their operation against the air, and automatically exerting said stored up power upon the body of the ship to overcome the resistance thereof and propel or lift the ship, or both, depending upon the positioning of the propelling mecha.-v

nism; and as to this feature my object, byv

the present invention, is to obtain the maximum etliciency of the propelling mechanism; and to provide for the controlling of the degree of power stored in the operation of the propeller against the air and in opposition to the resistance afforded by the ship,

whereby the speed of movement of the ship in ascending or descending', or being otherwise propelled, may be controlled.

Further objects are to provide 'for the automatic righting of the ship in the eventv of tilting thereof to maintain it on an even, or substantially even keel; to provide air engaging surfaces for the ship which in moving. against the air operate to produce either the raisingor otherwise driving, ac-

tion, in such a form as to cause them to `descending or in oth'erwise moving 'through 'the air.

Referring to the accompanying drawi ings- Figure lisa view in sideelevation of an airship.- constructed in accordance with vmy invention, a portion of the wall of the compartment at 'the prow thereof being broken away to disclose interior details. Fig. 2 is an end view of the front of the machine. FigL'is a plan view thereof. Fig. 4 is a section taken at the line 4 on Fig. l .and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 5 is an enlarged section taken at the irregular line 5 on Fig. 1 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 6 is an enlarged section taken at the line 6 on Fig. 5 and viewed in the direction of the arrow. Fig. 7 is 4an enlarged view, in sectional ele- Vation, of a relief-valve which I .prefer to employ in connection with the fluid-pressure producing means for maintaining the desired pressure in the pipe which leads to the tanks supplied with fluid-pressure therefrom, and from which tanks the propelling mechanism of the ship is supplied with fluid-pressure. Fig. 8 is an enlarged section taken at the line 8 on Fig. 4 and viewed'in the direction of the arrow, the driving mechanism therein disclosed being shown in the position ,it assumes when at rest. Fig. 9 is an enlarged broken sect-ion takenat the line 9 on Fig. 4 and viewed in the direction of the arrow.v Fig. 10 is a broken longitudinal sectional View of a: portion of the fluid-pressure connections between the source of Huid-pressure and the'piston and cylinder mechanisms with which the driving and 15, and uprights 16 connecting the girdersl together; side walls 17 spaced apart and vconnected with said frame; inner walls 18 Vlocated toward opposite ends of the ship; forwardly and rearwardly converging plates 19 and 20, respectively, at opposite ends of the ship; and lateral partitions 21 within the confines of the walls 17 and extending longitudinally of the ship, these partitions being connected with the walls 18 and fornr ing with the latter and the converging walls 19 and 20, compartments 22 and 23 at eppo site ends of the ship, the compartment 24 at the central part of the ship being openat its top and bottom and containing the propeiling mechanism hereinafter describedln the construction illustrated, the ship is equipped at its top with main planes 25 and 26, which are preferably curved longitudi nally and incline slightly downwardly toward the rear end thereof as illustrated, these planes being secured to the ship in lined relation and supported above the body thereof on a frame comprising cross-beams 27 extending transversely of the main frame and uprights 28 rising therefrom, and inter mediate ones of the uprighs 26 being connected together by long'itudinally-extend ing brace-beams 29. rlhe" ship is u also equipped with Va supplemental plane 30, which extends above the planes 25 `and 26 intermediate the' latter, and transversely of the ship, and is journaled at its opposite sides on a. frame 31 of which the braces 29 form the lower members, this planebeing preferably formed of a central supporting rocloshaft 32 equipped at intervals with cross-arms 33 and journaled in bearings 34 on the framerl; and plane-sections 35 secured to the outer ends of the arms 33 at opposite sides of the shaft 32 and spaced therefrom so as to be centrally located with respect to its balance of atmospheric pressure, whereby the pressure'of they air against the plane-sections 35 is so distributed relative to the axes upon which these plane-` sections are adjustable, namely the shaft 32, that they may be easily swung upon their bearings to be adjusted to extend at any desired position relative tothe planes 25 and 26, as hereinafter described.

At the rear end of the ship, at 'opposite sides thereof, are planes 36 which are of the same construction as the planes 30, the rockshaft 37 upon which the planes 36 are supported extending through the compartment 23 and being journaled in bearings 38 and 39 on the walls 17 and 22, respectively, and a bearing 4() mounted between aI pair of up rights 4()a which extend upwardly from the lower inclined plate 20. The planes 36 are thus rendered adjustable with relation to the ship for a purpose hereinafter described, and as a convenient means for so adjusting the planes I provide a worm-gear (not shown) on the shaft 37 with which a worin 41 on a transverse hand-wheel-equipped shaft 42 j ournaled in the bearings 43 on the uprights meshes. A

roaasao The rudder for guiding the ship in the dcsired path is illustrated at 44 and as shown is formed of a vertically-disposed blade 45 secured to the ends of a yoke 46 journaled in bearings 47 on the upper plate 20. The

means illustrated for setting the rudder at different angles' relative to the ship comprises a worm-gearequipped shaft 48 journaled on an upright 49 in the forward compartment 22 of the ship, and in a bearing 50 in the adjacent wall 21, a hand-wheel equipped worm 51 journaled in bearings 52 on the .upright 49 and engaging `with the wormgear on the shaft 48, a sprocket on the shaft 48, gear-mechanism 54 operatively connected with the yoke 46 and journaled in a bracket 55 on the upper inclined wall 2()` adjacent to the rudder, a sprocket 56 connected with the gear-mechanis1n 54, and

sprocket-chains 57 connecting the sprockets 55 and -56 together and running over idlesprockets 58 journaledon a bracket secured to the upper one oft-he plates 20.

The propelling-mechanism for the airship for driving it either upwardly or in any other desired direction is located in the compartment 24, and in the construction illus- -trated a pair vof propelling devices ar-e employed, though it is within my invention to use any other suitable number thereof as desired, the following being a description of the propelling mechanism shown.

Secured to the upper and lower girders 14 and 15 at opposite sides of the ship and within' the contines of the walls 1,7 are verticallydisposed outwardly -bowed ribs 60 equipped with cross-beams 61 extending longitudinally of the ship and intermediate said girders, these cross-beams being provided with apertured brackets 62. Certain of the uprights 16 are-connected together by crossbeams63 which are located a slight distance above the beams 61 and areequipped with depending apcrtured brackets 64, the brackets 62 and 64 being so arranged as to present two sets of alining brackets as illustrated in Fig. 4; Each pair of brackets,

which comprises a bracket 62 and a bracket 64, is connected together by a tube 65, the tubes 65 eirtending through their respective brackets and fixed thereto to be non-rotatable, and journaled on each tube 65 is a sleeve 66 carrying a sprocket-wheel 67.l Each tube 65 contains a rotatable tube 68 which is connected with a rotatable sleeve 69, surrounding the coperating tube 65, through :the medium of a bolt 70 which passes through the sleeve 69 and a peripheral slot 71 in the tube 65 and screws into the inner tube 68 as illustrated of one of these four similar devices in Fig. 9,`whereby the inner tubes 68 may, through the medium of sprocket-wheels 72 connected with the sleeves 69 and actuated as hereinafter de f 7 3 which oppose each other on opposite sides..

radially-extendingspokes 73 rigidly securedto peripheral'flanges 74 with whichthe sleeves 66 areequipped, those of the spokes of the ship being coii'nected together at their youter ends by means of cross-rods 73a; EX-

tending into the inner ends of. each tube 68, and'rigidly securedv thereto, are cranks,

75, the cranks at one sideof ythe ship containing conduits 76 connecting with pipes,

77 which lead, preferably, to separate sources of fluid under pressure and hereinafter referred to. Opposed cranks are connected together at their inner ends, which are eccentricv to the axes upon which these sleeves 68 are axially adjustable, by means of tubes 78, one for eachset -of cranks, the

`tubes 78 communicating with -the respective conduits 76 in the cranks 75 .(Fig. 10,). Each-tube 78 toward its opposite ends is surrounded by rotatable sleeves 79 located adjacent to the cranks 75 and rovi'ded with spaced peripheral'anges 80 Fig. 11) and pivoted, as indicated at 81, toeach set of the flanges 80 arerods 82 which serve to support cylinders 84 located between the companion rods 82. The cylinders 84, of which eight for each driving mechanism are. provided in the construction illustrated and which correspond in number with the number of spokes 73, but the number of which, with the latter, may be varied as conditions require or render it expedient, are open at their inner ends and'containtoward their outer ends partitions 85 through stuffingboxes 86 in which the piston-rods 87 extend,

:it being preferred vthateach ,piston-rod 87,

carry a cross-head 83 which`slides `on the adjacent rods -82 and that each'piston-rod 87 be equipped with'a pair -ofspacedpistonheads 8 9l and 90 locatediatopposite sides of the respective partitions )85. The pist-onheads 90 which preferably contain inwardlyopening check-valves 91, coperate withthe outer open ends ofthe respective cylinders' struction illustrated four of the vanes 93 arey provided on each propeller-mechanismand that each of the vanes 93 is connected toward its opposite sides with two of the piston andv cylinder mechanisms described. Surrounding eachv tube 78 intermediate its endsis a rotatable head 95, forming a chest,

y.which is internally chambered as illustrated at 96 and co-mmunicateswith the interior of Athe tube 78, which it surrounds, through a port 97, stuiiing-boxes -98 in the ends of the heads serving to'iprevent the'- escape to 'the atmosphere ofthe fluid-pressure introduced into the tubes78 as hereinafter described. Each of the heads 95 is equippedwith a pair of pipes 99 which communicate with the chamber 96 through openings 100,

the pipes 99 leading in opposite directions from't'he heads 95 equipped therewith and being provided at their opposite ends with branch-pipes 101 which communicate with the interiors of the adjacent cylinders 84 through the medium of flexible tubes 102, the pipes 99 being, connected toward their ends with the adjacent ones o f the sleeves 79 on which the cylinders 84 are pivotally I mounted, whereby in the operation of the mechanism as hereinafter .explainedthe cyl- 'inders`84, tubes 102, pipes 99 and heads 95 connected therewith rotate as a unitary structure upon the supporting tubes 7.8.

Located at any convenient point on the ship, as for example in the forward comlpartment 22 thereof, as illustrated, 1l provide a power-device 103` as for example an internal-combustion engine, which is geared to an air-pump 104 adapted to discharge in to a pipe 105 which latter is .connected with pipes- 106 and 107 of a number corresponding to the number of propeller-mechanisms, in the construction illustrated there being two of these-pipes'. The pipes 10S and 107 open into air-tanks 108 and 109, respectively, into which the pipes 77 respectively lead, whereby each ofthe two companion .sets o-f cylinders 84, consisting inthe construction illustrated of eight cylinders each, are in communication with a separate source of fluid-pressure, the fluid-pressure in these cylinders` being located between the partitions 85 and piston-heads 89.v

It will be understoodfrom the drawings inders 84 are journaled on the pipes 78 which are eccentric to the axes upon which "and` the fo-regoing description that the cylthe spokes 73, carrying the pivoted vanes 93 coperating with these cylinders, rotate (Fig. ,8),fand that said pipes are held stationary during the operation of the vanes 93, as hereinafter described, and are intended to be moved only for purposes of adjustpeller-mechanisms are rotated, as thro-ugh the medium of sprocket-chains 110 connect- .ed withy the sprockets 67 and with the ment as hereinafter explained. As the proi', al, i Loaaeeo driven byv sprocket-connections from the engine 103 and an engine 113n in the compartment 23, the engagement of the vanes 89, and these pistons being subjected to theiiuid-pressure in the cylinders 84, which latter revolve about an aXis eccentric to the axes about which the vanes 93' revolve, causes the pistons S9 to' pull the vanes 93 towardl their axes, drawing them from .a

f truly circular path, relatively downward,

and causing them to displace the air while they arev moving in the upper part of their path of movement.

. lin pulling the vanes 98 downward the pistons 89 depend 'for their power on the fluid-pressure in the cylinders 84. This fluid-pressure musthave an expansive force suiiicient to elevate that Aportion of the weight each of the propeller mechanisms is required to lift, and the speed at which the pistons 89 are capable of pulling the vanes 93 downward is restricted to the power of this duid-pressure to displace a given quantity of air per second. Consequently, by rotating the propeller mechanism at a high rate of speed, Athe pistons 89 will be unable to pull thevanes 93 downward and displace air at a corresponding rate of speed, with the result that the cylinders 84; and vanos 93 recede from each ot-her as they move toward the point of greatest eccentrical dii"- ierence in their paths, thereby causing the pistons 89 to relatively move upward in the cylinders 841 yand displace 'the fluid-pressure in the latter. This relative upward movement ofthe pistons 89 with relationto the cylinders 84 continues until the tension of the fluid-pressure against the pistons and partitions 85 in the cylinders overcomes the i inertia of the ship, andforces the cylinders 84, and consequently the ship, upward at a speed in excess of the downward speed oir' thevanes 9.3.

It will be understood from the foregoing that in the intervals between the initial engagement of the vanes 93 with the air, and

the overcoming of the inertia ot the ship as described, the latter is sustained by the re-V actionary force of the air against the vanes 93, this being due to the utilization, by the tluid-pressure in the cylinders 84, of the inertia oit the ship as resistance to upward movement, thereby enabling the fluid-pressure to develope fulcrum of sufficient sustaining power to overcome the downward. pull of the ship.

As the vanos 98 are successively7 moved in engagement with the air and through that portion of their path in which they are caused to be moved downward against the move toward the partitions 85.

air and operate in conjunction with said fluid-p ressure mechanism as described, each of said varies operates to produce lifting of the body ot' the ship and thus the-latter, by rapidly rotating the vanes 98, may be driven form velocity.

llt willbe manifest that byvarying the pressure of the air introduced into the cylinders 84,. the reaction thereoitE against the body ofthe ship as described may loe varied VK'.70 through the air with vapproximately unif for varying the distance and speed atwhich the bodyis moved at each impulse created by one of the planes 93 engaging with the air as described, or,`if desired, the air-pres sure may be reduced to such a degree as to cause the reactive force of the air in the cylinders to' be of the saine, or approximately the same, or of less degree than the resistance afforded by the ship, and thus the ship may be caused, under the control of the operator, to be held substantially at a given level orbe allowed to descend at any speed desired. In order to provide tor the supply of fluid-pressure to the cylinders 84 as stated, I provide in the pipes 106 and 107 manually-controlled valvesll and 110, respectively, for controlling vthe flow of fluid-pressure from the pipe 105 into the respective pipes 106 and107, and also provide in these last referred to pipes handcon trolled outlet-valves 117 and 118, respectively. By manipulating the valves 115 and 116, the flow ot Fluid-pressure to .either or both, of the tanks 108 and 109 may be arrested, and by opening either of the valves 117 and 118 the pressure in either of these tanks may be decreased to the desired degree independent-ly of each other, whereby the propeller-mechanisms may be caused to exertthe same, or substantially the same, lifting power upon` the air-ship, orv unequal lifting power as desired, which thus permits the operator to maintain the ship in a level position when the weight carried by the latter is unequally distributed.

It is preferred that the air-pump 10% be" continuously operated and that the tanks '108 and 109 be of such capacities relative to theY cylinders -which they supply as not to cause the pressure in the tanks, and the respective cylinders supplied therefrom, to be substantially increased when the pistons 89 Thus the pistons 89 move in the cylinders 84- against .Substantially the same pressure throughout their movement in these cylinders, whereby the maximum eiiiciency ot these piston and cylinder mechanisms 1s obtained, and relatively short cylinders 84 may be used. rllhe piston-heads 90 moving into the cylinders 84 serve to retard the relative movements of the piston-heads and cylinders, at the final portion of their movement and-thus pre? vent objectionable jar of the mechanism,

the provision of the valves 91 in the pistonheads 90 serving to `insure the proper amount of air in the open ends of the cylinders by preventing suction action when the heads .90 move outward from the ,cylinders 84.

When the air-compressor 104 is operated continuously, I provide in the pipe 105 a relief-valve 127 which is preferably adjust.- able for varying the degree of air-pressure supplied to the pipes 106and 107. In the construction illustrated, the required adj ustment is provided for by providing a vented cap 128 which has threaded connection with the upper end of the valve-casing 129 and is adjustable up and down thereon, the spring represented at 130 for yieldingly holding the valve 131 to its seat 132 in the casing 129, surrounding the valve-stem 133 and bearing against a washer 134 iitting against a stop-pin 1342L on the stem 133 and against the undersidel of the cap 128. Thus the tension of the spring 130, and consequently the air-pressure in the pipes 106 and 107, may be 4varied as desired by 'screwing the cap 128 up or down on'the casing 129.

In the drawings, I have illustrated the piston and cylinder Amechanisms co-rrectly positioned, as regards their eccentric relation to the axes upon which the members 66 rotate, for lifting the air-ship. It will be noted, liowever,'from the foregoing description, that the crank '75, and the parts carried thereby, are adjustable axially about the axes about which these sleeves rotate, and by adjusting these cranks as described, as by swinging them to the right and upwardly in Fig. 8, the .yane's' 93 are caused to operate against the air throughout-such a portion of their travel as' to cause them to exert a pull upon the body of the air-ship at an angle to the vertical, and thus through the medium of the piston and cylindei mechanisms as described the ship maybe propelled in a path extending at an angle to the vertical. Any suitable means may be provided for adjusting the cranks 7 5 as stated, the means illustra-ted.comprising a worm-gear-equipped shaft 119, journaled in` bearings 120 in thewalls 21 and equipped "with sprockets 121 and 122 which are conyequipped shaft 135 jo-urna'led in bearings 135a in the walls 21, the Worm-gear 135:b on this shaft meshing with a worm-gear 136 xed on a shaft 137 equipped with a'handwheel 137 and'journaled in bearings 138 -on the upright 49, .the shaft 135 carrying sprockets-139-Which connect, through the i' i medium of sprocket-chains 140, With sprockets 141, the latter being connected with sprockets 142 which connect through the medium of sprocket-chains 143 with sprockets 144 carried by the shaft 32 to- -Ward its opposite ends.

he planes 25 and 26 serve as sustaining planes operating in connection with the propelling mechanism, when the ship is propelled at an angle to the vertical, and are preferably fixed relative to the body of the ship, whereas the planes 30 being adjustable serve as a means for maintaining a certain altitude during the horizontal movement of the ship under varyingspeeds by controlling the amount of displacement of the air, it

.being preferred that the planes 25 and 26,

aswell as the planes 30 and 36 and vanes 93 present a corrugated under surface, as represented, for presenting to the air the maxi- -mum amount of surface commensurate with ltheir dimensions, thus obtaining a high degree of eiiiciency therefrom, the corrugations beingpreferably so shaped as to cause their a'djacent surfaces to extend at an angle .to e'ach other of 90, or more.

`Various attempts have been made to ac-` complish the balancing of air-ships by the use of fixed planes set at an angle to the vertical, but such attempts have failed because` of the fact that the planes were not set at the proper angle and thus oscillation of the ship in the air resulted.

I have discovered that a plane operatedl so as to displace air into the upper or lower vertical quarters, namely upwardly or downwardly, respectively, at the angle not less than 45 to the horizontal plane, thereby operates against the natural compression of the atmosphere and develops a greater re sistance thanwould a plane operated so as sidewise, I provide at the sides thereof y equalizing planes 145 which extend. substantially longitudinally ofthe machine at opposite sides thereof, and are supported .from the central ones of the uprights 28 which latter are preferably extended downward sutliciently far to connect with' the lower edges of these planes. Each of these planes is preferably formed of sections 146 planessections extending at the same angleV to the horizontal. These planessections taper from their rear to their front edges and are so positioned on the ship as to cause their meeting edges to converge toward the front end of the machine, whereby the planescctions 146 and 147 not only are disposed at angles to the body of the ship in a vertical plane, but also in a horizontal plane.

Then the ship is traveling through the air in level condition, the converging plates 19 and the' plane-sections 146 and 147 tend to displace the air substantially equally into the horizontal quarter, and thus the resistance of the air against the opposing planes 19 is equalized. Should, however, the'ship tilt. lengthwise, as for example, downwardly at its forward end, the angles at which the plates would extend with respect to the horizontal level would become changed, causing the lower plate 19 to displace air into the lower vertical quarter, and the upper plate 19 to displace air into the horizontal quarter, with the result that the lower plate 19 by displacing air into the vertical 'quarter would develop a greaterl atmospheric rcsistance than the 'upper plate 19 would be able to develop by displacing air into the horizontal quarter. Thus a lifting force would be developed against the lower plate 19 and force the prow ,of the ship back to a level position, The depressing of the stern of the ship to aid in the righting thereof, when tilted as described, is effected by the operator adjusting the planes 36 by the mechanism described to cause them to incline upwardly from front to rear at the desired angle, whereupon the ship will be brought to an even, or substantially even, keel, lengthwise thereof.

lt will be understood from the foregoing that should the ship tilt upwardly at its forward end, the upper plate 19 would then displace air into the upper vertical quarter and the lower plate 1S) would displace air into the horizontal quarter, with the result that the upper plate 19 would develop a greater atmospheric resistance than the lower plate 1) and consequently the prow of the ship would be forced' down to a level position.

The general principle of operati-on described of the plates 19 is involved in the operation of the planes 145, and thus should the ship while moving horizontally tilt 'to the right, viewing it from the stern end thereof, the angle of the planes 146 and 147 at both sides of the ship would be changed wit-h respect to the horizontal level, with the result of causing the upper plane 147 at the left-,hand side of the ship to displace `the relance air into the upper vertical quarter while its lower, companion, plane 146 displaces the air into the horizontal quarter, and the converse is t-rue of the planes 146 and 147 at the opposite sideof the ship. Thus thelast referred to top plane 147 displaces the air into.

the horizontal quarter, while its lower, companion, plane 146 displaces lthe airinto the lower vertical quarter, which thus causes the planes displacing the air into the upper and lower vertical quarters to develop a greater resistance than their companion planes displacing air into the horizontal quarters are capable of developing, with the result of forcing the ship back to a level position. lt will be understood from the foregoing description of the operation of the planes 146 and 147 when the ship tilts to the right, that righting of the ship when it til tsto the left, will be effected by the action of these planes operating conversely to that just described.

Vilhile I prefer to employ companion converging planes at the sides ofthe ship operating to render it stable, it is within my invention to employ single planes at the sides thereof in lieu of the double planes described, provided the planes be set at substantially a 45o v,angle tothe vertical` for the reason made manifest by the foregoing description of the converging planes 146 and 147.

The adjacenty surfaces of the corrugated planes extend with relation to each other at an angle of 90 or more, in order" that the reactionary force of the air displaced thereby will be developed and exerted in the vertical quarter and thus the maximum efficiency of the planes will be obtained.

' lf desired, the spokes 73 may be provided with vancs 14S setat such an angle to the path through which the spokes 73 rotate, as to cause the air to be forced inwardly into the spaces between opposing spokes and into the path of movement of the vanes 913,

`and thus the effectiveness of the vanes 9? in operating against the air is augmented. Furthermore, deecters 149 may be provided on the ship for dclecting air into the compartment Q4 and into the paths of move* ment of the vanes 93 to further augment the effectiveness of the vanes 93, the vanes1-l-9 being secured, in spaced relation, on the frame of the body of the ship at its top to extend transverselyv thereof. f y

While l have illustrated and described pivotally-supportcd planes which operate as the air-engaging devices driving the ship in any direction, it willbe understood that my invention as to the feature of providing the piston and cylinder mechanisms may be utilized in connection with any other form of comprising piston engaging device. Furthermore, the construction illustrated may be otherwise variously modified, o i' altered` Without departing from thexspirit of my invention.

What I claim as new and desire `t secure by vLetters Patent is-'-v 1. In an air-sliip, thecombination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to the latter, means for Vactuating lsaidfair-engaging means, and fluid-compression mechanismcomprising piston and headed-cylinder members, one of which is'connected with said air-engaging means and theA other with said support, and operating, When said airengaging means are operating against the air, to cause 'said air-engaging means to be moved, relative to the ship, against the air as a fulcrum for lifting the ship.

2. Inv anv airship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship to revolve thereon and movable to- Ward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, and fluid-compression mechanism members, one of which isconnected with said air-engaging means and the other with said support, and'operating, when said airengaging means are actuated, to move the latter, While operating against the air, toward the axis about which they revolve, for the purpose set forth.

2.v In an air-ship, the combination of* a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to the latter, means for actuating saidv air-engaging means, fluid-compression mechanism comprisiiig piston and headed-cylinder members one offwhich is connected With said air-engaging means andthe other of which is connected 'with said support, and means -operating to `cause one of said members to move relative to the other member thereof and against the pressure .of the iiuid in the cylinder for moving said air-engaging means relative to the ship during the actuation of' said. air-engaging means, for the 'purpose set forth.

4. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on` the ship to revolve thereon and movable toivai'd the axis upon Y which they revolve,

'means for V.revolving said air-engaging comprising piston means, and fluid-compression mechanism and headed-cylinder members one of which is connected with said'air-engaging means and the other of Which is v,connected With said support, the

one -of vsaid members which 'is connected with saidsupport being so positioned as to cause said air-engaging means to be moved toward thev axis upon which the .latter revolve, under the pressure of the fluid in said cylinder, while said air-'engaging means are and headedcylinderv pose set forth.

5. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship to revolve thereon and movable to- Ward the axis Vupon Which saiid means revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, and fluid-compression nicchanism comprising piston-.and he`aded-cylin der members one of Which is connected With said air-engaging means and the other of which is connected With said support, eccentrically of said axis, the Whole being constructedand arranged to cause said airengaging means to be moved, under the action of the fluid-pressure in said cylinder,

toward the axis-about'which said air-engaging means revolve, for the purpose set forth.

6. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported 'on the ship to revolve thereon and movable'to- Ward the axis'about Which they revolve7 means for revolving said air-engaging means, and fluid-compression mechanism comprising piston and headed-cylinder members one of' which is connected with said-air-engaging means and the other of which is connected with said support eccentrically of vsaid axis, the connection between said support and the said member connected thereto being adjustable for varying the position of s aid last referred to member eccentrically about said axis, for the purpose set forth. y

7. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, an air-engaging vane supported on the ship to revolve thereon and movable to- Ward the axis about which it revolves, means for'revolving said vane, and iiuid-compres sion mechanism comprising l piston and headed-cylinder members, one vof Which is connected With said vane and the other With said support, and operating, When said vane 1s revplved against the air, to cause said vane to be moved relative to the ship against theair as a fulcrum for lifting the ship.

8. In an air-ship, the combination of a member journaled on the ship to rotate thereon, an air-engaging vane pivotally connected with said member, means for ro tating said member, and -fluid-compression mechanism' comprising piston and headedcylinder members, one of Whichis connected with said vane and the other of which is i connected With the ship and operating, When said vane is-b'eing revolved against the air, to cause said vane to bel moved, relative tor-the ship, against the air as a' fiilorum for lifting the ship.

9. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to the latter, means for actuating said air-engaging means, vfluid-pressure vpiston-aiid-cylinder mechanism connected with said air-engagmeans, iiuidpressure mechanism comprising' piston and cylinder members one of Which is connected with said airengaging meansy and the other of which is connected with said support, means operating to cause one of said members to move relative to the other member thereof against the pressure of the fluid in the cylinder to cause said airengaging means to move, relative to the.

ship, against the air as a fulerum for lifting the ship, and means for supplying fluidpressure to said cylinder, for the purpose set forth.

11. In an air-ship, the combination'of a support, air-engaging means supported on theship and movable .relative to the latter, means for actuating said air-engaging means, 4fluid-pressure piston-and-cylinder mechanism connected with said air-engaging means and with said support and oper-l ating, ivhen said air-engaging means are operating against the air, to cause said airengaging means to be moved, relative to the ship, against the air as a fulcrum for lift-ing the ship, and means operating to maintain substantially uniform pressure in said cylinder throughout the-operation Aof said fluidpressure mechanism.

l2. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to thelatter, means for actuating said air-engaging means, fluid-pressure piston-andcylinder mechanism connected with said air-engaging means and with said support and operating, when said air-engaging means are operating against the air, to cause said air-engaging Vmeans-to be moved, relativeto the ship, against the air as a fulcrum for lifting the ship, and a reservoir containing fluid-pressure and in open communication with said cylinder. said reservoir being of suoli capacity, relative to said cylinder, as to cause the pressure in said cylinder to be maintained substantially uniform throughout the operation of said fluidpressin'e mechanism.

13. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship vand movable relative thereto, means for actuating said air-engaging means, and fluid-compression mechanism comprising a piston and a headedscylinder connected, respectively, with said air-engaging means and v1ith said support and operating, When said air-engaging means are actuated, to cause said air-engaging means to be moved, under the action of the fluid-pressure in said cylinderrelative to the ship against the air, as a f-ulcrum, for lifting the ship.

11i. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship to revolve thereon and movable to- Ward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, and fluid-compression mechanism comprising a headed-cylinder and a piston connected, respectively, with said support and with said air-engaging means and operating, under the action of the fluid-pressure in said cylinder, to cause said airengaging means to move toward the aXis about which they revolve, for the purpose set forth.

l5. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engagmg means supported on 'the ship to be revolved thereon and movable toward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, a cylinder connected with said support eccentrically of the axis about which said air-engaging means revolve and equipped with a hea-d, and a piston in said i cylinder and connected with said air-engaging means for operating against flu1d- `pressure in said cylinder between said piston and head, While said air-engaging means are revolving, for the purpose set forth.. v

16.'In an-air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship to revolve thereon and .movable toward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, a cylinder adjustably connected with said `support eccentrically of the axis about which said air-engaging means revolve and equipped with a head, and a piston in said cylinder connected with said air-engaging means and operating against fluid-pressure in said cylinderbetween said piston and head While said air-engaging means are bemg revolved, for the purpose set forth.

17. In ankair-ship, the combination of a 'support air-engaging means supported on the ship to be revolved thereon, and movable toward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, a fluid-pressure cylinder connected with said support eccentrically of the axis about `which said air-engaging means revolve and containing a partition, and a piston in saidl cylinder connectedg/ivit-h said air-engaging means and between which latter and said piston said partition extends, whereby said piston operates against fluidpressure in said cylinder, for the purpose set forth. e

18. In an air-ship, the combination of support containing apassage adapted to be connected with a source of fluid-pressure supply, air-engaging means supported on -the -member rotatably supported on'the ship,

ship to revolve thereon and movable toward the axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging'means, a fluid-pressure chest rotatably mounted on said supportand in open -conununication therewith, al fluid-pressure cylinder journaled on said support eccentrically of the axis about Which said air-engaging lmeans revolve, means connecting the interior 'of said cylinder With said chest, and a piston in said cylinder connected with said air-engaging means and against Which the fluid-pressure in said cylinder operates, for the purposesetforth. Y-s-l 19. In an air-ship, the combination of a means for rotating said member, vanes supported on said member and movable thereon toward the axis about which said member rotates, and fluidecompression mechanism for each of said vanes, each of said mechanisms comprising piston and headed :cylinder members, one of each of Which is connected with said vanes and the other of which is conf nected with the ship eccentrically of the axis about which said member rotates, for the purpose set forth. p

20. In an air-ship, the combi-nation of a member rotatably supported on they ship, means for rotating said member, vanes supported on said member and movable toward the axis about which the latter rotates, a support on the ship, and fluid-compression mechanism for each of said vanes, each of said mechanisms comprising a piston and a headed-cylinder, said pistons being connected with said vanes and saidy cylinders being grouped about and journaled on said support eccentrically of the axis about which said member rotates, for the purpose set forth. Y

21. In an air-ship, the combination of a member rotatably supported on the ship, means for rotating said member, a curved vane supported on said member `and movable toward the axis about which the latter rotates, and fluid-compression mechanism comprising piston and headed-cylinder members, one of which is connected With said vane and the other with the ship, and operating, -when said vane is being revolved against the air, to cause said vane to be moved toward the axis about Which said member rotates, for the purpose set forth.

22. In an air-ship, the combination. of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship to revolve thereon and movable toward t-he axis about which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, a fluid-pressure cylinder connected with said support eccentrically of the axis about Which said air-engaging means revolve and provldedswith a head, a piston in said cylinder connected With said air-engaging means, and cushioning-means cooperating With said air-engaging means, for the purpose set forth.

23. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship tov revolve thereon and movable t0- vWard the axis about Which they revolve,

means for revolving said air-engaging means, a fluid-pressure cylinder connected with saidsupport eccentrically of the axis about Which said air-engaging means revolve, al piston in said cylinder connected with said air-engaging means, and dash-pot' Ymechanism cooperating With said air-engag ing means and operating as a cushion, vfol' the purpose set forth.

24. In an air-ship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on said ship to revolve thereon and movable to* Ward the axis about Which they revolve, means for revolving said air-engaging means, a cylinder conneotedvvith said sup' port eccentrically of the axis about Which .said air-engaging means revolve, a piston in said cylinder connected with said air-engaging means, a partition in said cylinder interposed between said ,piston and said air-engaging means and through which the-stem of the piston moves,..means for supplyingl fluid-pressure to said cylinder into the space between said partition and thev head of said piston, and a dash-pot piston carried by the piston-stem and operating in said cylinder,

beyond said partition therein, for the purpose set forth.

' 25. In an air-ship, the combination of a rotatable support on the ship, a'series of vanes pivotally connected With said support., a rotatable member supported eccentrically of the axis about Which said support r0- tates, cylinders grouped about and connected With said member, and pistons in said cylinders connected with said vanes eccentrically of the ivotal connections of the latter With said rotatable support.

. 26. In an air-ship, the combination of a member yrotatably supported on'the ship,-

means for rotating said member, vanes on said member and movable toward the axis about Which' the latter rotates, fluid-pressurel piston-andcylinder mechanism located adjacent to the opposite sides of said vanes,

lia'

a relatively stationary tube adapted to be connected With a source of fluid-pressure supply and supported eccentrically of the axis about which said member rotates, said' cylinders being grouped about and rotamember rotatably mounted on the ship,

means for rotating said member, vanes on said member and movable thereon toward the axis about Which said member rotates, fluid-pressure piston and cylinder mechanism for moving said vanes toward said axis, the piston of said mechanisms being connected With said vanes, relatively nonmovable tubes supported eccentrically of the axis about which said member rotates and upon Which the cylinders are supported to revolve with said vanes, the ends ot said cylinders between which and the heads of said piston-heads the fluid-pressure is introduced being interposed between said pistonheads and vanos, a fluid-pressure chest journaled. on said tube and in communication therewith and with said cylinders between said cylinder-ends and said piston-heads, and means :tor supplying Huid-pressure to said tubes, for the purpose set forth.

28. In an air-ship, the combination of airengaging means on the ship, means for driving said air-engaging means against the y air, means for moving said air-engaging means relative to the ship While being driven against the air, and .Huid-pressure means cooperating with said air-engaging means and with said third-named means for momentarily storing the force which is exerted, in opposition to the inertia of the ship, by said air-engaging means in operating against the air and beingl moved bodily with relation to the ship, and exerting upon the ship the force so stored to overcome the inertia therein and move it with relation to said air-engaging means while the latter are operating against the air.

29. In an air-ship, the combination of its body, a rotatable support carried by said body, a series of air-engaging vanes carried by said support and serving, when the latter is rotated, to operate against the air, and fluid-compression mechanisms each comprising piston and headed-cylinder members, one member of each of said mechanisms being connected With said body and the other With said vanes, said mechanisms operating to move said vanes radially of the axis on which said support rotates While the latter is rotating during the engagement of said vanes With the air, to cause the latter to act against the'air as a ulcrum.

Leases@ 30. ln an air-ship, the combination ot a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to the latter, means for actuating said airsengaging means, {luidpressure piston-andcylinder mechanism connected with said means and with said support and operating, when said air-engaging means are operating again st the air, to cause said air-engaging means to be moved relative to the ship against the airas a tulcrum for lifting the ship, and means for varying the pressure in said cylinder, for the purpose set forth.

3l. In an aireship, the combination of a support, air-engaging means supported on the ship and movable relative to the latter, means 'for actuating said air-engaging means, fluid-pressure piston-and-cylinder mechanism connected with said means and with said support and operating, When said air-engaging means are operating againstthe air, to cause said air-engaging means to be moved relative to the ship against the air as a ulcrum for lifting the ship, and an air-pump operating to supply ltluid-pres sure to said mechanism, for the purpose set forth.

32. An air-ship 'formed with a eompart ment closed at its sides but open at its top and bottom and propelling mechanism oper ingy in a vertical plane located in said compartment, the housing of said propelling mechanism inclosing it laterallyl only, and the open top and bottom thereof permitting free and unrestricted passage of air to said mechanism and the discharge of the air downwardly from said housing.

33. Anairship 'formed with cabin-com partments at its opposite ends and with an intermediate compartment open at its top and bottom and propelling-mechanism located in said intermediate compartment and operating in a vertical plane, said intermediate compartment housing said mechanism laterally only and providing unobstructed passage for air to and from said mechanism.

DANIEL P. MoLAUGHLlN.

ln presence ofi R. A. SoHAnrnn, JOHN WILSON. 

